Punching Out [10 page PDF of entire article attached]
Jan 2021 IAN PARKER“IN 1967 THERE WERE 494 MB EJECTIONS IN A SINGLE YEAR; 63 IN JUNE OF THAT YEAR AND 11 IN ONE DAY ON NOVEMBER 22, 1969”
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History of innovationSteve Roberts is clearly passionate about the ejection-seat business: “From the original [Martin-Baker] Mk1 Seat in 1945, we have developed seats all the way through to the Mk18. The Mk18 is in development for Korea Aerospace Industries’ KF-X aircraft.” In 1993, the US16LA seat for the T-6/JPATS program was the first ejection seat in the world to accommodate small females to large males, a range known as Case 1 to Case 7 multi-variate cases, across the 103lbs to 245lbs nude weight range.
The US16E ejection seat was first flown in the F-35 in 2006, and there are over 700 in service. It's achieved many world firsts:
• The first seat to accommodate the widest anthro range from Case 1 through to Case 8
• The first seat to enable small female aircrew to eject safely across the speed range when fitted with helmet-mounted displays (HMD), while meeting the Neck Injury Criteria
• The introduction of the new IGQ6000 parachute, without using reefing cutters, to provide quick, controlled inflation, low inflation loads, low descent velocities of 21ft/sec and the ability to carry a suspended weight of 337lbs for the first time
• The first seat-mounted harness that accommodates Case 1 through Case 8, and provides the same level of restraint as the torso harness that it replaced
• The first seat in the West to provide an automatic-ejection capability
To meet the more stringent physiological requirements introduced by the JSF program, Martin-Baker developed innovative air bag and harness technology to provide head and neck protection throughout the ejection sequence.
Roberts continues: “We call the three airbags on the seat, the Neck Protection Device (NPD). These are inflated immediately on ejection to hold the head, and are automatically deflated during parachute deployment. During parachute inflation, the Head Support Panel (HSP) holds the head/neck on the harness, at this critical phase of the ejection sequence.”
The NPD, HSP and (integrated) seat-mounted harness are being introduced into all new Mk18 seats, and being considered for retrofit by many operators who are planning to expand their accommodation ranges and upgrade their aircraft with HMD.
Unique to MB has been the in-house development of electronic sequencers and their software, which is at the very heart of a successful ejection. The electronic sequencer will sense the outside environment and determine speed and altitude conditions. Using this data, the sequencer selects the optimum ejection timings from five operating modes, to reduce the ejection loads, resulting in a lower risk of injury.
Martin-Baker sequencers have now been retrofitted across the F-35 fleet. They are also fitted as baseline on all new Mk18 Seats and, in 2021, will be introduced into the T-45 and F/A-18 fleets as key upgrades.
Three recent F-35 live ejections have demonstrated the outstanding performance of the MB sequencer, which, the company claims, is more effective than those fitted on legacy US seats.
Martin-Baker is currently supporting the primes in the active aircraft competitions that are under way in Switzerland, Finland, Canada, Germany and India. Its research and development also continues for, among others, the US’ Next Generation Air Dominance program, the UK Tempest, SCAF in Europe and Japan's F-3.
Automatic ejectionsWith some F-35B aircraft failures, the aircraft departure characteristics could be too fast for the aircrew to react in time. Roberts says: “With Lockheed Martin, we carried out a lot of system modeling to determine which conditions the aircraft could get into where the aircrew are not able to eject in time.
Certain failure scenarios were identified, however unlikely, where the aircraft was transitioning to and from wingborne flight in the STOVL mode. These conditions would require the aircrew to eject quicker than the fastest recorded reaction times for most aircrew. Based on this, the F-35B introduced an automatic ejection capability for the very first time in the West.”
Source: Combat Aircraft Journal Jan 2021 Volume 22 No 1